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作为程序员,编写代码也需要大量的写作技巧。好的代码可以让人耳目一新、通俗易懂、舒适自然,同时又充满成就感。因此,整理了一些近三年使用过的JS开发技巧,希望能让大家写出耳目一新、通俗易懂、舒适自然的代码。
字符串技巧
1: Compare time
const time1 = "2022-03-02 09:00:00";
const time2 = "2022-03-02 09:00:01";
const overtime = time1 < time2;
// overtime => true
2: Format money
const ThousandNum = num => num.toString().replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/g, ",");
const money = ThousandNum(1000000);
// money => '1,000,000'
3: Generate random ID
const RandomId = len => Math.random().toString(36).substr(3, len);
const id = RandomId(10);
// id => "xdeguewg1f"
4: Generate random HEX color values
const RandomColor = () => "#" + Math.floor(Math.random() * 0xffffff).toString(16).padEnd(6, "0");
const color = RandomColor();
// color => "#2cbf89"
5: Generate star ratings
const StartScore = rate => "★★★★★☆☆☆☆☆".slice(5 - rate, 10 - rate);
const start = StartScore(3);
// start => '★★★☆☆'
6: URL query parameters
const params = new URLSearchParams(location.search.replace(/\?/ig, "")); // location.search = "?name=test&sex=man"
params.has("test"); // true
params.get("sex"); // "man"
数字技巧
7: Arrangement
const num1 = ~~1.19;
const num2 = 2.29 | 0;
const num3 = 3.09 >> 0;
// num1 num2 num3 => 1 2 3
8: Zero padding
const FillZero = (num, len) => num.toString().padStart(len, "0");
const num = FillZero(1234, 5);
// num => "01234"
9: Revolution value
const num1 = +null;
const num2 = +"";
const num3 = +false;
const num4 = +"169";
// num1 num2 num3 num4 => 0 0 0 169
10: Timestamp
const timestamp = +new Date("2022-03-22");
// timestamp => 1647907200000
11: Exact decimal
const RoundNum = (num, decimal) => Math.round(num * 10 ** decimal) / 10 ** decimal;
const num = RoundNum(1.2345, 2);
// num => 1.23
12: Parity
const OddEven = num => !!(num & 1) ? "odd" : "even";
const num = OddEven(2);
// num => "even"
13: Take min max
const arr = [0, 1, 2, 3];
const min = Math.min(...arr);
const max = Math.max(...arr);
// min max => 0 3 (0, 1, 2, 3)
14: Generate range random numbers
const RandomNum = (min, max) => Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;
const num = RandomNum(1, 10); // 5
布尔技巧
15: Short-circuit operator
const a = d && 1; // Fake operation, judge from left to right, return a false value when encountering a false value, and no longer execute it later, otherwise return the last true value
const b = d || 1; // Take the true operation, judge from left to right, return the true value when encountering the true value, and do not execute it later, otherwise return the last false value
const c = !d; // Returns false if a single expression converts to true, otherwise returns true
16: Determine the data type
可确定的类型:undefined、null、string、number、boolean、array、object、symbol、date、regexp、function、asyncfunction、arguments、set、map、weakset、weakmap
function DataType(tgt, type) {
const dataType = Object.prototype.toString.call(tgt).replace(/\[object (\w+)\]/, "$1").toLowerCase();
return type ? dataType === type : dataType;
}
DataType("test"); // "string"
DataType(20220314); // "number"
DataType(true); // "boolean"
DataType([], "array"); // true
DataType({}, "array"); // false
17: Check if array is empty
const arr = [];
const flag = Array.isArray(arr) && !arr.length;
// flag => true
18: Execute when conditions are met
const flagA = true; // Condition A
const flagB = false; // Condition B
(flagA || flagB) && Func(); // Execute when A or B is satisfied
(flagA || !flagB) && Func(); // Execute when A is satisfied or B is not satisfied
flagA && flagB && Func(); // Execute when both A and B are satisfied
flagA && !flagB && Func(); // Execute when A is satisfied and B is not satisfied
19: Executed if non-false
const flag = false; // undefined、null、""、0、false、NaN
!flag && Func();
20: Executed when the array is not empty
const arr = [0, 1, 2];
arr.length && Func();
21: Executed when the object is not null
const obj = {a: 0, b: 1, c: 2};
Object.keys(obj).length && Func();
数组技巧
22: Clone array
const _arr = [0, 1, 2];
const arr = [..._arr];
// arr => [0, 1, 2]
23: Merge array
const arr1 = [0, 1, 2];
const arr2 = [3, 4, 5];
const arr = [...arr1, ...arr2];
// arr => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
24: Deduplicated array
const arr = [...new Set([0, 1, 1, null, null])];
// arr => [0, 1, null]
25: Obfuscated array
const arr = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5].slice().sort(() => Math.random() - .5);
// arr => [3, 4, 0, 5, 1, 2]
26: Empty an array
const arr = [0, 1, 2];
arr.length = 0;
// arr => []
27: Truncate array
const arr = [0, 1, 2];
arr.length = 2;
// arr => [0, 1]
28: Exchange assignment
let a = 0;
let b = 1;
[a, b] = [b, a];
// a b => 1 0
29: Filter empty values
Empty values: undefined,null,””,0,false,NaN
const arr = [undefined, null, "", 0, false, NaN, 1, 2].filter(Boolean);
// arr => [1, 2]
30: Insert member at the beginning of the array
let arr = [1, 2];
arr.unshift(0);
arr = [0].concat(arr);
arr = [0, ...arr];
// arr => [0, 1, 2]
31: Insert members at the end of the array
let arr = [0, 1];
arr.push(2);
arr.concat(2);
arr[arr.length] = 2;
arr = [...arr, 2];
// arr => [0, 1, 2]
32: Count number of array members
const arr = [0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2];
const count = arr.reduce((t, v) => {
t[v] = t[v] ? ++t[v] : 1;
return t;
}, {});
// count => { 0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 3 }
33: Destructuring nested array members
const arr = [0, 1, [2, 3, [4, 5]]];
const [a, b, [c, d, [e, f]]] = arr;
// a b c d e f => 0 1 2 3 4 5
34: Destructuring array member aliases
const arr = [0, 1, 2];
const {0: a, 1: b, 2: c} = arr;
// a b c => 0 1 2
35: Destructuring array member default value
const arr = [0, 1, 2];
const [a, b, c = 3, d = 4] = arr;
// a b c d => 0 1 2 4
36: Get random array member
const arr = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const randomItem = arr[Math.floor(Math.random() * arr.length)];
// randomItem => 1
37: Create an array of specified length
const arr = [...new Array(3).keys()];
// arr => [0, 1, 2]
38: Creates an array of the specified length and equal values
const arr = new Array(3).fill(0);
// arr => [0, 0, 0]
对象技巧
39: Clone object
const _obj = {a: 0, b: 1, c: 2};
const obj = {..._obj};
const obj = JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(_obj));
// obj => { a: 0, b: 1, c: 2 }
40: Merge objects
const obj1 = {a: 0, b: 1, c: 2};
const obj2 = {c: 3, d: 4, e: 5};
const obj = {...obj1, ...obj2};
// obj => { a: 0, b: 1, c: 3, d: 4, e: 5 }
41: Object Variable Properties
const flag = false;
const obj = {
a: 0,
b: 1,
[flag ? "c" : "d"]: 2
};
// obj => { a: 0, b: 1, d: 2 }
42: Create a pure empty object
const obj = Object.create(null);
Object.prototype.a = 0;
// obj => {}
43: Delete object useless properties
const obj = {a: 0, b: 1, c: 2};
const {a, ...rest} = obj;
// rest => { b: 1, c: 2 }
44: Destructuring object property nesting
const obj = {a: 0, b: 1, c: {d: 2, e: 3}};
const {c: {d, e}} = obj;
// d e => 2 3
45: Destructuring object property aliases
const obj = {a: 0, b: 1, c: 2};
const {a, b: d, c: e} = obj;
// a d e => 0 1 2
46: Destructuring object property default values
const obj = {a: 0, b: 1, c: 2};
const {a, b = 2, d = 3} = obj;
// a b d => 0 1 3
函数技巧
47: Function self-execution
const Func = function () {
}(); // Commonly used
(function () {
})(); // Commonly used
(function () {
}()); // Commonly used
[function () {
}()];
+function () {
}();
-function () {
}();
~function () {
}();
!function () {
}();
new function () {
};
new function () {
}();
void function () {
}();
typeof function () {
}();
delete function () {
}();
1, function () {
}();
1 ^ function () {
}();
1 > function () {
}();
48: One-time function
适合运行一些只需要执行一次的初始化代码,如:
function Func() {
console.log("x");
Func = function () {
console.log("y");
}
}
49: Lazy loading functions
当函数中的复杂判断分支越来越多时,可以大大节省资源开销,可以使用闭包来实现。
function Func() {
if (a === b) {
console.log("x");
} else {
console.log("y");
}
}
// replace with
function Func() {
if (a === b) {
Func = function () {
console.log("x");
}
} else {
Func = function () {
console.log("y");
}
}
return Func();
}
50: Detect non-null parameters
function IsRequired() {
throw new Error("param is required");
}
function Func(name = IsRequired()) {
console.log("I Love " + name);
}
Func(); // "param is required"
Func("You"); // "I Love You"
51: String creation function
const Func = new Function("name", "console.log(\"I Love \" + name)");
52: Handle error messages gracefully
try {
Func();
} catch (e) {
location.href = "https://stackoverflow.com/search?q=[js]+" + e.message;
}
53: Handle Async/Await
parameters gracefully
function AsyncTo(promise) {
return promise.then(data => [null, data]).catch(err => [err]);
}
const [err, res] = await AsyncTo(Func());
54: Handle multiple function return values gracefully
function Func() {
return Promise.all([
fetch("/user"),
fetch("/comment")
]);
}
const [user, comment] = await Func();
DOM技巧
55: Show all DOM borders
[].forEach.call($("*"), dom => {
dom.style.outline = "1px solid #" + (~~(Math.random() * (1 << 24))).toString(16);
});
56: Responsive pages
页面基于设计图但需要适配多个模型,元素大小使用rem
设置
function AutoResponse(width = 750) {
const target = document.documentElement;
target.clientWidth >= 600
? (target.style.fontSize = "80px")
: (target.style.fontSize = target.clientWidth / width * 100 + "px");
}
57: Filter XSS
function FilterXss(content) {
let elem = document.createElement("div");
elem.innerText = content;
const result = elem.innerHTML;
elem = null;
return result;
}
58: Access LocalStorage
const love = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("love"));
localStorage.setItem("love", JSON.stringify("I Love You"));